Chess

About this board game

Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game played on an 8×8 board of alternating light and dark squares. Opposing pieces, traditionally called White and Black, begin lined up on opposite sides of the board.

Each type of piece has its own unique movement. Players take turns moving one piece at a time, capturing opposing pieces by moving onto their squares while attempting to attack, defend, and develop their positions.

• Players: 2
• Board: 8×8 squares
• Core objective: Deliver checkmate, leaving the opposing king unable to escape
• Possible endings: Checkmate, resignation, or several types of draws

Chess rewards careful planning and tactical awareness. Between highly skilled players, a game can be a beautiful spectacle, while novices can enjoy its challenge and entertainment value. It is played at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments by millions of people worldwide.

The modern form of Chess emerged in the second half of the 15th century, after the Persian game Shatranj reached Southern Europe. Shatranj developed from the ancient Indian game Chaturanga, and the tradition of organized competitive chess began in the 16th century. The listed release year for this form of the game is 1475.

Chess has inspired an extensive body of books and periodicals featuring games and commentary by chess masters. Its cultural reach extends into journalism, poetry, fiction, and film, and the 2020 Netflix series The Queen’s Gambit was enjoyed by chess players and non-players alike. Chess is also recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee.